Glossary
ERP & Technology Glossary
391+ terms explained — ERPNext modules, GST compliance, accounting, inventory, manufacturing, HR, and software development.
Showing 391 terms
A
ABC Analysis
ABC Analysis classifies inventory items into three categories by annual consumption value: A (top 20…
Access Log in ERPNext
Access Log in ERPNext records every time a user reads a sensitive document — useful for compliance a…
Accounting Dimension
Accounting Dimensions in ERPNext let you tag transactions with custom attributes (Branch, Product Li…
Accounting Period
An Accounting Period in ERPNext defines a date range during which transactions can be posted, and lo…
Accounts Payable
Accounts Payable in ERPNext tracks money your business owes to suppliers, helping manage payment sch…
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable in ERPNext tracks money owed to your business by customers, providing aging repo…
Accrual Accounting
Accrual accounting records revenue when earned and expenses when incurred, regardless of when cash i…
Activity Log in ERPNext
Activity Log in ERPNext records every user action — logins, document changes, API calls — providing …
Advance Payment
An Advance Payment in ERPNext records money paid to a supplier or received from a customer before th…
Advance Tax
Advance Tax requires businesses and individuals with annual tax liability above ₹10,000 to pay incom…
Affiliate Marketing
Affiliate Marketing is a performance-based marketing model where partners (affiliates) earn a commis…
Amortisation
Amortisation is the gradual write-off of the cost of an intangible asset (software, patents, goodwil…
Appointment in ERPNext
Appointment in ERPNext allows businesses to schedule and manage customer meetings, linked to leads o…
Appraisal
Appraisal in ERPNext manages the performance review cycle, allowing managers to set KRA goals, score…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Business
AI in business refers to the use of intelligent systems — chatbots, automation, NLP, and predictive …
Asset Depreciation
ERPNext's Asset module automates depreciation schedules using Straight Line, Written Down Value, or …
Attendance
Attendance in ERPNext records whether each employee was Present, Absent, On Leave, Half Day, or on a…
Attendance Management
Attendance Management tracks employee presence, absence, late arrivals, and early departures, integr…
Audit Trail
An Audit Trail is a sequential record of who created, modified, or deleted a document and when, prov…
Auto Reorder in ERPNext
Auto Reorder in ERPNext automatically creates Material Requests when stock falls below the defined r…
Auto Repeat in ERPNext
Auto Repeat automatically creates recurring documents (invoices, journal entries, purchase orders) o…
B
B2B eCommerce
B2B eCommerce is the online sale of goods or services between businesses, with features like bulk or…
Balance Sheet
The Balance Sheet report in ERPNext shows your company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a point …
Bank Reconciliation
Bank Reconciliation in ERPNext matches your ERPNext payment entries and journal entries against your…
Bank Statement Import
ERPNext's Bank Statement Import tool lets you upload your bank statement in CSV or OFX format and au…
Batch
A Batch in ERPNext groups items produced or received together, enabling lot-level traceability, expi…
Bill of Materials (BOM)
A Bill of Materials (BOM) in ERPNext is a structured list of raw materials, components, and operatio…
Blanket Order
A Blanket Order in ERPNext is a long-term agreement with a customer or supplier defining quantity an…
BOM Management
BOM Management is the process of creating, maintaining, and version-controlling Bills of Materials t…
Break-Even Analysis
Break-Even Analysis calculates the sales volume or revenue at which total revenue equals total costs…
Budget
ERPNext Budgets let you set spending limits per Cost Centre or Project and automatically alerts or b…
Budget Variance
Budget Variance is the difference between budgeted and actual income or expenditure for a period, us…
Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
A Business Continuity Plan outlines how an organisation will maintain essential operations during an…
Business Intelligence (BI)
Business Intelligence is the use of data analytics tools and dashboards to turn raw business data in…
Buying Settings
Buying Settings in ERPNext configure system-wide defaults for the purchasing module, including purch…
C
Calendar in ERPNext
Calendar view in ERPNext displays any time-bound documents (tasks, leave applications, events) in a …
Campaign
A Campaign in ERPNext is a marketing initiative that you can tag on Leads and Opportunities to measu…
Capacity Planning
Capacity Planning in ERPNext checks whether workstation capacity is sufficient to fulfil planned Wor…
Capacity Planning
Capacity Planning determines the production capacity needed to meet demand, comparing required capac…
Cart Abandonment
Cart Abandonment occurs when a shopper adds items to an online cart but leaves without completing th…
Cash Conversion Cycle
The Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) measures how many days it takes to convert inventory and other input…
Cash Flow Statement
The Cash Flow Statement shows money actually received and paid during a period, categorised into Ope…
Chart of Accounts
The Chart of Accounts (CoA) in ERPNext is a hierarchical tree of all ledger accounts used to classif…
CI/CD Pipeline
CI/CD (Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery) automates testing and deployment of code change…
Client Script
Client Scripts in ERPNext are JavaScript snippets that run in the user's browser to auto-fill fields…
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing delivers computing services (servers, storage, databases, software) over the interne…
Cloud ERP vs On-Premise ERP
Cloud ERP is hosted on vendor servers and accessed via the internet, while On-Premise ERP is install…
Companies Act 2013
The Companies Act 2013 is the primary legislation governing company formation, management, reporting…
Compensation Benchmarking
Compensation Benchmarking compares your salary and benefits structure against market data (industry …
Composition Scheme in ERPNext
Composition Scheme in ERPNext configures simplified GST for small businesses registered under the GS…
Consignment Stock
Consignment Stock is inventory held at a customer's or dealer's location that remains the supplier's…
Content Marketing
Content Marketing creates and distributes valuable, relevant content (blogs, guides, videos, webinar…
Contract Management
Contract Management is the systematic handling of contracts from creation and negotiation through ex…
Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance is the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed…
Cost Center
A Cost Center in ERPNext is a dimension used to track income and expenses against specific departmen…
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is the direct cost of producing the goods sold during a period, including …
Coupon Code in ERPNext
Coupon Codes in ERPNext are alphanumeric codes that customers enter to receive discounts linked to a…
Credit Note
A Credit Note in ERPNext is a return document issued to a customer when goods are returned or an ove…
Creditor Days (DPO)
Creditor Days (Days Payable Outstanding) measures how long a business takes to pay its suppliers — l…
CRM Pipeline
The CRM Pipeline in ERPNext is a visual Kanban or funnel view of all Opportunities by stage, helping…
CRM Software
CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software centralises customer data, interaction history, and …
Custom Field
Custom Fields in ERPNext let you add new data fields to any standard DocType without modifying core …
Custom Frappe App
A Custom Frappe App is a separate Python package installed alongside ERPNext that adds new DocTypes,…
Customer
A Customer in ERPNext is a party master record for businesses or individuals who buy your products o…
Customer Credit Limit in ERPNext
Customer Credit Limit in ERPNext sets the maximum outstanding amount allowed for a customer before n…
Customer Group
Customer Groups in ERPNext segment customers (Retail, Wholesale, Government, Export) for applying gr…
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)
CLV is the total revenue a business expects to earn from a customer throughout their entire relation…
Customer Portal
ERPNext's Customer Portal is a self-service web interface where customers log in to view their order…
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity protects computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, unauthorised acces…
Cycle Count
Cycle Counting is a method of auditing inventory accuracy by counting a small subset of items at reg…
Cycle Time
Cycle Time is the total elapsed time from the start to the completion of a process step or the produ…
D
Dashboard
ERPNext Dashboards are configurable home-page views showing multiple charts and number cards from re…
Data Analytics
Data Analytics is the process of examining raw data to draw conclusions, identify trends, and suppor…
Data Export
ERPNext's Data Export tool downloads records from any DocType to a CSV or Excel file for reporting, …
Data Import
ERPNext's Data Import tool lets you bulk-upload records for any DocType via a CSV or Excel file, wit…
Data Warehouse
A Data Warehouse is a centralised repository that stores structured historical data from multiple so…
Database Management
Database Management involves designing, implementing, and maintaining databases — the structured sto…
Debit Note
A Debit Note in ERPNext is issued when returning goods to a supplier or disputing an overcharge, red…
Debtor Days (DSO)
Debtor Days (Days Sales Outstanding) measures how long on average it takes to collect payment from c…
Deferred Expense in ERPNext
Deferred Expense in ERPNext amortizes prepaid expenses over future periods, ensuring accurate monthl…
Deferred Revenue in ERPNext
Deferred Revenue in ERPNext spreads income received in advance across future accounting periods auto…
Delivery Note
A Delivery Note in ERPNext records the dispatch of goods to a customer, reducing stock from the ware…
Delivery Trip
A Delivery Trip in ERPNext groups multiple Delivery Notes into a single trip for a vehicle, enabling…
Demand Forecasting
Demand Forecasting estimates future customer demand for products using historical sales data, market…
Department
Departments in ERPNext organise employees into business units (Finance, HR, Engineering, Sales), use…
Depreciation
Depreciation is the systematic allocation of a fixed asset's cost over its useful life, reducing the…
Designation
Designation in ERPNext is the job title assigned to an employee (Senior Engineer, Account Manager) u…
DevOps
DevOps is the combination of software Development and IT Operations practices — using automation, CI…
Digital Marketing
Digital Marketing promotes products and services through online channels — SEO, social media, email,…
Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is an electronic credential issued by licensed CAs in India, u…
Docker & Containers
Docker containers package an application and its dependencies into a portable, isolated unit that ru…
DocType
A DocType in Frappe/ERPNext is the fundamental building block — a configurable data model that defin…
Double-Entry Accounting
Double-entry accounting is the principle that every financial transaction must be recorded as both a…
Dropshipping
Dropshipping is a supply chain model where the retailer accepts customer orders but the supplier shi…
Dunning
Dunning in ERPNext is an automated process that sends overdue payment reminders to customers and can…
E
E-Invoice (IRN) in ERPNext
ERPNext generates e-Invoices compliant with India's GST e-Invoicing mandate, sending invoice data to…
E-Invoicing (India)
E-Invoicing in India is the government mandate requiring B2B GST invoices to be registered with the …
E-Waybill (India)
E-Waybill is an electronic document required for the movement of goods valued above ₹50,000 within o…
E-Waybill in ERPNext
ERPNext integrates with India's E-Waybill system to generate, extend, and cancel e-waybills for good…
EBITDA
EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortisation) is a proxy for operating ca…
eCommerce Website
An eCommerce website enables online buying and selling, providing product catalogues, shopping cart,…
Email Account
Email Accounts in ERPNext connect your company email inboxes (IMAP) and outboxes (SMTP) so ERPNext c…
Email Campaign in ERPNext
Email Campaign in ERPNext sends automated drip email sequences to leads or contacts based on a defin…
Employee
An Employee master in ERPNext stores all personal, employment, payroll, and compliance information f…
Employee Advance
An Employee Advance in ERPNext records money paid to an employee before expenses are incurred, later…
Employee Benefit in ERPNext
Employee Benefit in ERPNext manages flexible benefit components (HRA, LTA, medical) that employees c…
Employee Checkin
Employee Checkin in ERPNext stores biometric or manual check-in/check-out timestamps used to auto-ca…
Employee Engagement
Employee Engagement is the emotional commitment employees have to their organisation and its goals, …
Employee Lifecycle
The Employee Lifecycle covers all stages of an employee's relationship with an organisation — from r…
Employee Loan
ERPNext's Loan module manages loans disbursed to employees, with automatic EMI deduction from salary…
Employee Onboarding
Employee Onboarding is the structured process of integrating a new hire into the organisation — cove…
Employee Skill in ERPNext
Employee Skill tracking in ERPNext maps competencies and proficiency levels against employees for be…
Employee Tax Exemption in ERPNext
Employee Tax Exemption in ERPNext collects investment declarations from employees to reduce TDS dedu…
EPF (Employees' Provident Fund)
EPF is a mandatory retirement savings scheme for employees earning up to ₹15,000/month basic wage, r…
ERP Change Management
ERP Change Management is the organisational process of managing people's transition to a new ERP sys…
ERP Consultant
An ERP Consultant is a specialist who advises on ERP selection, configures and implements the system…
ERP Customisation
ERP Customisation refers to modifying or extending an ERP system beyond its default configuration to…
ERP Data Migration
ERP Data Migration is the process of extracting, cleaning, transforming, and loading historical data…
ERP for Manufacturing
ERP for Manufacturing integrates production planning (MRP/BOM), shop floor control (work orders, job…
ERP for Retail
ERP for Retail integrates POS, inventory, supply chain, customer loyalty, and financials into one pl…
ERP for SME
ERP for SME refers to ERP systems designed or suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, offer…
ERP for SME Manufacturers
ERP for SME Manufacturers is a full-featured ERP solution scaled for small to mid-size production fa…
ERP Go-Live
ERP Go-Live is the date when a new ERP system becomes the system of record for a business, replacing…
ERP Implementation
ERP Implementation is the process of deploying, configuring, migrating data to, and training users o…
ERP Integration
ERP Integration connects an ERP system with external tools (e-commerce platforms, payment gateways, …
ERP Master Data
Master Data in ERP refers to the core reference records — Customers, Suppliers, Items, Employees, Ac…
ERP Modules
ERP Modules are functional components of an ERP system — Finance, Inventory, Manufacturing, CRM, HR …
ERP Reporting
ERP Reporting uses the integrated data from all ERP modules to generate real-time management reports…
ERP ROI
ERP Return on Investment (ROI) measures the financial benefits of implementing an ERP system against…
ERP Sandbox
An ERP Sandbox is a test environment that mirrors the production system, used for training, testing …
ERP Support and AMC
ERP Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) provides ongoing technical support, bug fixes, system updates,…
ERP System
An ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is integrated business management software that unifies…
ERP Training
ERP Training educates end users and administrators on how to use the ERP system for their specific r…
ERP Upgrade
An ERP Upgrade migrates a system from an older version to a newer release, bringing new features, co…
ERP User Adoption
ERP User Adoption is the degree to which employees consistently use the ERP system as intended, dete…
ERP Vendor Selection
ERP Vendor Selection is the formal process of evaluating and choosing an ERP software vendor and imp…
ERPNext Agriculture Module
ERPNext's Agriculture module manages crops, land units, seasons, disease/pest tracking, and harvest …
ERPNext Asset Management
ERPNext's Asset module manages the full lifecycle of fixed assets — capitalisation, depreciation, ma…
ERPNext Budgeting Module
ERPNext's Budgeting module enables annual budget planning per Cost Centre or Project with monthly di…
ERPNext Education Module
ERPNext Education Module manages student admissions, courses, fee collection, attendance, and examin…
ERPNext Healthcare Module
ERPNext Healthcare Module manages patient registration, appointments, clinical records, lab tests, b…
ERPNext Multi-Company
ERPNext's Multi-Company feature lets you manage multiple legal entities within a single ERPNext inst…
ERPNext Non-Profit Module
ERPNext's Non-Profit module manages donor management, grant tracking, member management, and FCRA co…
Error Log in ERPNext
Error Log in ERPNext captures Python exceptions, background job failures, and API errors for debuggi…
ESI (Employees' State Insurance)
ESI is a social security scheme for employees earning up to ₹21,000/month, providing medical, disabi…
ESI (ESIC) in ERPNext
ERPNext automates Employee State Insurance (ESI) contributions for eligible employees (gross salary …
ETL (Extract, Transform, Load)
ETL is the data pipeline process of extracting data from sources, transforming it into the right for…
Exchange Rate Revaluation
Exchange Rate Revaluation in ERPNext recalculates the home-currency value of open foreign-currency b…
Exit Interview
Exit Interview in ERPNext records the feedback and reasons for separation from a departing employee,…
Expense Claim
An Expense Claim in ERPNext lets employees submit reimbursement requests for out-of-pocket business …
F
FIFO (First In, First Out)
FIFO is an inventory valuation method where the oldest units in stock are assumed to be sold or cons…
Finance Book
A Finance Book in ERPNext allows you to maintain parallel books of accounts — for example, one for s…
Financial Statements
Financial Statements are the formal reports of a company's financial performance and position: the B…
Fiscal Year
A Fiscal Year in ERPNext defines the annual accounting period (e.g., April 2024 – March 2025) for In…
Fit-Gap Analysis
Fit-Gap Analysis evaluates how well a candidate ERP system meets a business's requirements, identify…
Fixed vs Variable Costs
Fixed costs remain constant regardless of production volume (rent, salaries, depreciation), while va…
Foreign Exchange Management (FEMA)
FEMA governs foreign exchange transactions in India — regulating imports, exports, remittances, and …
Frappe Cloud
Frappe Cloud is the official managed hosting platform for ERPNext and Frappe apps, offering one-clic…
Frappe Framework
Frappe is the open-source full-stack Python web framework on which ERPNext is built, providing the D…
Full & Final Settlement in ERPNext
Full & Final Settlement in ERPNext calculates an exiting employee's dues including unpaid salary, le…
G
General Ledger
The General Ledger in ERPNext is the master record of all accounting entries across every account, p…
Geo Map in ERPNext
Geo Map in ERPNext provides a map view for doctypes with location fields, useful for visualizing cus…
Git Version Control
Git is the world's most widely used distributed version control system, tracking code changes and en…
Gratuity
ERPNext's Gratuity module calculates and provisions statutory gratuity payable to employees on separ…
Gratuity
Gratuity is a statutory lump-sum payment by an employer to an employee on separation after completin…
Gross Margin
Gross Margin is the percentage of revenue remaining after deducting the direct cost of goods sold (C…
GST (Goods and Services Tax)
GST is India's unified indirect tax introduced in July 2017, replacing VAT, Service Tax, and Central…
GST Audit
GST Audit is an examination of a taxpayer's GST records, returns, and books of accounts by a GST off…
GST Category
GST Category in ERPNext classifies each transaction type (Registered, Unregistered, SEZ, Export, Ove…
GST in ERPNext
ERPNext has native GST support for Indian businesses — managing GSTIN, HSN/SAC codes, tax templates …
GST Reconciliation in ERPNext
GST Reconciliation in ERPNext matches purchase invoices against GSTR-2B data to validate ITC eligibi…
GSTIN in ERPNext
GSTIN (GST Identification Number) is the 15-digit tax registration number stored on Company, Custome…
GSTR-1 in ERPNext
ERPNext generates the GSTR-1 data (outward supplies summary) for monthly or quarterly filing, catego…
GSTR-3B in ERPNext
ERPNext generates GSTR-3B summary data showing net tax liability on outward supplies and eligible In…
GSTR-9 (Annual GST Return)
GSTR-9 is the annual GST return consolidating all monthly/quarterly filings for the financial year, …
GSTR-9 (Annual Return)
ERPNext provides the source data for GSTR-9 (GST Annual Return), summarising a full year of outward …
H
Headless Commerce
Headless Commerce decouples the frontend storefront from the backend commerce engine, allowing any f…
Holiday List
A Holiday List in ERPNext defines the public holidays and weekly off days for a company, branch, or …
HR Settings
HR Settings in ERPNext configure system-wide defaults for the human resources module, including leav…
HRMS (Human Resource Management System)
An HRMS is software that automates human resource functions — recruitment, onboarding, payroll, leav…
HSN / SAC Code
HSN (Harmonised System of Nomenclature) codes classify goods and SAC (Services Accounting Code) code…
I
Income Tax (India)
Income Tax is the direct tax levied on the taxable income of individuals, companies, and other entit…
Income Tax Return (ITR) Filing
Income Tax Return (ITR) filing is the annual disclosure of taxable income, deductions, and tax paid …
Income Tax Return (ITR) Filing
ITR filing is the annual submission of income, deductions, and tax details to the Income Tax Departm…
Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution characterised by automation, IoT sensors, machine l…
Input Tax Credit (ITC)
Input Tax Credit (ITC) allows GST-registered businesses to reduce their GST output liability by the …
Input Tax Credit (ITC) in ERPNext
Input Tax Credit (ITC) in ERPNext tracks GST paid on purchases that can be offset against GST collec…
Inter-Company Journal Entry
An Inter-Company Journal Entry in ERPNext simultaneously posts entries in two or more group companie…
Internal Controls
Internal Controls are policies and procedures that prevent fraud, ensure accuracy of financial recor…
Inventory Management
Inventory Management is the process of ordering, storing, tracking, and controlling stock to ensure …
Inventory Valuation in ERPNext
Inventory Valuation in ERPNext determines the monetary value of stock on hand using FIFO or Moving A…
Invoice Automation
Invoice Automation uses software to auto-generate, send, approve, and reconcile invoices without man…
Invoice Discounting
Invoice Discounting is a short-term financing where a business borrows against its unpaid receivable…
IoT (Internet of Things)
IoT connects physical devices — machines, sensors, vehicles — to the internet to collect and exchang…
Issue (Support Ticket)
An Issue in ERPNext is a customer support ticket or internal bug report, tracked through open/replie…
Item
An Item in ERPNext is the master record for any product, raw material, service, or asset that your b…
Item Group
Item Groups in ERPNext organise items into a hierarchical category tree, enabling group-level pricin…
Item Price
Item Price in ERPNext stores the selling or buying price of an item for a specific Price List, custo…
Item Variant
An Item Variant in ERPNext is a specific combination of attributes (size, colour, grade) derived fro…
J
Jidoka (Autonomation)
Jidoka is a Lean manufacturing principle where machines automatically detect defects and stop produc…
Job Card
A Job Card in ERPNext tracks the time an operator spends at a workstation for a specific operation i…
Journal Entry
A double-entry accounting document in ERPNext used to record financial transactions manually outside…
Just-In-Time (JIT) Inventory
Just-In-Time (JIT) is a production and inventory strategy where materials arrive exactly when needed…
K
Kaizen (Continuous Improvement)
Kaizen is a Japanese philosophy of continuous incremental improvement involving all employees — from…
Kanban Board in ERPNext
Kanban Board in ERPNext provides a visual task management view for any list, organizing records as c…
KPI Management
KPI Management is the practice of defining, tracking, and acting on Key Performance Indicators to me…
Kubernetes (K8s)
Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, an…
L
Labour Law Compliance (India)
Labour Law Compliance in India encompasses the Factories Act, Shops & Establishments Act, Minimum Wa…
Landed Cost Voucher
A Landed Cost Voucher in ERPNext distributes import duties, freight, and other incidental charges ac…
Lead
A Lead in ERPNext is an unqualified sales prospect — a person or company that has shown interest but…
Lead Time
Lead Time is the time between placing a purchase order (or starting production) and receiving the co…
Lean Manufacturing
Lean Manufacturing is a production philosophy aimed at eliminating waste (muda) in all forms — overp…
Leave Allocation
Leave Allocation in ERPNext grants a specified number of leave days to one or more employees for a l…
Leave Application
A Leave Application in ERPNext is a request submitted by an employee for approved time off, which up…
Leave Management
Leave Management is the process of defining leave policies, allocating balances, processing employee…
Leave Type
Leave Types in ERPNext define the categories of leave (Annual, Sick, Maternity, Casual) with rules f…
Letter Head
A Letter Head in ERPNext defines the header and footer printed on documents (invoices, purchase orde…
Letter of Credit (LC)
A Letter of Credit is a bank guarantee ensuring a seller receives payment from a buyer, widely used …
Logistics Technology
Logistics Technology covers software solutions for shipping, tracking, warehouse automation, and las…
Lost Reason
Lost Reason in ERPNext captures why a Quotation or Opportunity was not won, enabling win/loss analys…
Lot Traceability
Lot Traceability (also called Batch Traceability) tracks the complete journey of a batch of goods fr…
Loyalty Program in ERPNext
Loyalty Program in ERPNext lets you reward customers with points on purchases, redeemable as discoun…
M
Machine Learning (ML)
Machine Learning is a branch of AI where algorithms learn patterns from data to make predictions or …
Make-to-Order (MTO)
Make-to-Order is a production strategy where manufacturing begins only after a customer order is rec…
Marketplace Integration
Marketplace Integration connects an ERP or inventory system with Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho, or other …
Master Data Management (MDM)
MDM is the process of creating and maintaining a single, accurate master record for key business ent…
Material Request
A Material Request in ERPNext is an internal requisition to procure, manufacture, or transfer materi…
Microservices Architecture
Microservices architecture structures an application as a collection of small, independently deploya…
Milestone
Milestones in ERPNext mark significant checkpoints in a project (e.g., Design Sign-off, Go-Live), us…
Mobile App Development
Mobile App Development is the process of building software applications that run on smartphones and …
Mode of Payment
Mode of Payment in ERPNext categorises how money moves (Cash, Bank Transfer, UPI, Cheque) and maps e…
Moving Average Valuation in ERPNext
Moving Average is a stock valuation method in ERPNext that recalculates the average item cost with e…
MRP (Material Requirements Planning)
MRP is a production planning method that calculates what materials are needed, in what quantities, a…
MSME (Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises)
MSME in India classifies businesses by investment and turnover for government scheme eligibility, wi…
Multi-Currency Accounting
ERPNext's multi-currency feature lets you transact in foreign currencies while maintaining books in …
Multi-Currency eCommerce
Multi-Currency eCommerce allows international customers to browse prices and pay in their local curr…
Multi-Level BOM
A Multi-Level BOM shows the complete hierarchical breakdown of a finished product into sub-assemblie…
Multi-Level BOM in ERPNext
Multi-Level BOM in ERPNext defines finished goods made from sub-assemblies, which themselves have th…
N
Naming Series
Naming Series in ERPNext defines the auto-generated document number format for each DocType, e.g., I…
Next.js
Next.js is a React framework for production web applications, adding server-side rendering (SSR), st…
Node.js
Node.js is a server-side JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine, enabling fast, event-driven…
Notification
ERPNext Notifications send automated email, SMS, or system alerts when a document meets defined cond…
O
OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness)
OEE measures manufacturing productivity as the product of Availability, Performance, and Quality rat…
Omnichannel Retail
Omnichannel retail provides a seamless customer experience across all channels — online store, mobil…
Online Marketplace
An Online Marketplace is a platform connecting multiple buyers and sellers (like Amazon, Flipkart, o…
Open-Source ERP
Open-Source ERP software publishes its source code for public use and modification, allowing busines…
Opening Balance Entry
An Opening Balance Entry in ERPNext is a one-time Journal Entry used during go-live to migrate exist…
Opening Invoice Creation Tool in ERPNext
Opening Invoice Creation Tool in ERPNext helps migrate outstanding receivables and payables from a l…
Operation
An Operation in ERPNext is a named production step (Cutting, Welding, Painting) with a default works…
Opportunity
An Opportunity in ERPNext is a qualified sales prospect with a defined product interest, value estim…
P
Packing Slip
A Packing Slip in ERPNext details the contents of each box or package within a Delivery Note, used f…
PAN (Permanent Account Number)
PAN is a 10-character alphanumeric identifier issued by the Income Tax Department of India, required…
Payment Entry
A Payment Entry in ERPNext records money received from customers or paid to suppliers, and links it …
Payment Gateway
A Payment Gateway is a technology that processes electronic payments — credit/debit cards, UPI, net …
Payment Gateway Integration in ERPNext
ERPNext supports payment gateway integrations (Razorpay, PayPal, Stripe) to collect online payments …
Payment Reconciliation
Payment Reconciliation in ERPNext links outstanding payments and advances to their corresponding inv…
Payment Terms
Payment Terms in ERPNext define the due date schedule for invoices, supporting net days, split insta…
Payroll Compliance (India)
Payroll Compliance in India covers all statutory obligations related to employee compensation — PF, …
Payroll Entry
A Payroll Entry in ERPNext processes payroll for a group of employees for a defined payroll period, …
Payroll Period
The Payroll Period in ERPNext defines the financial year for payroll purposes, used for income tax p…
Payroll Processing
Payroll Processing is the systematic calculation and disbursement of employee salaries, including al…
Performance Management
Performance Management is the continuous process of setting employee goals (KRAs/KPIs), monitoring p…
Period Closing Voucher in ERPNext
Period Closing Voucher in ERPNext transfers profit or loss to a closing account at the end of an acc…
Pick List
A Pick List in ERPNext is a warehouse picking instruction document that tells pickers which bins to …
Place of Supply
Place of Supply in ERPNext determines whether a transaction attracts CGST+SGST (intra-state) or IGST…
Plant Maintenance
ERPNext's Plant Maintenance module schedules preventive and reactive maintenance tasks for equipment…
Point of Sale (POS)
ERPNext's POS module enables retail billing at the counter with a touch-friendly interface, offline …
POS Invoice in ERPNext
POS Invoice in ERPNext is a simplified sales invoice created at the Point of Sale, supporting multi-…
POS Profile
A POS Profile in ERPNext configures one Point of Sale terminal with its own warehouse, price list, p…
Prepared Report in ERPNext
Prepared Report in ERPNext pre-generates large reports in the background so users can access them in…
Preventive Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance is scheduled, proactive servicing of equipment at defined intervals to preven…
Price List
A Price List in ERPNext is a named set of item prices used for buying or selling, allowing different…
Print Format
A Print Format in ERPNext is an HTML/Jinja2 template that controls how documents (invoices, delivery…
Print Style in ERPNext
Print Style in ERPNext defines the CSS styling applied to printed documents, controlling fonts, colo…
Product Bundle
A Product Bundle in ERPNext lets you sell a set of items under a single parent item code, with the s…
Production Capacity Planning in ERPNext
Production Capacity Planning in ERPNext schedules Work Orders against workstation capacity to preven…
Production Plan
The Production Plan in ERPNext analyses open Sales Orders or Material Requests and auto-generates Wo…
Profit and Loss Statement
The Profit and Loss Statement in ERPNext summarises income and expenses for a period, showing your n…
Progressive Web App (PWA)
A Progressive Web App is a web application that uses modern browser APIs to offer app-like experienc…
Project
A Project in ERPNext tracks the end-to-end delivery of a client engagement or internal initiative, w…
Project Analytics
Project Analytics in ERPNext provides a summary view of all projects showing estimated vs actual hou…
Project Costing
Project Costing in ERPNext aggregates all direct costs (timesheets, expenses, purchases) against a p…
Project Template
A Project Template in ERPNext is a reusable set of tasks with durations and dependencies that can be…
Promotional Scheme in ERPNext
Promotional Scheme in ERPNext defines discount rules — based on quantity, customer group, or item — …
Provident Fund (PF) in ERPNext
ERPNext automates Employee Provident Fund (EPF) and Employer Provident Fund (EPF) contributions as s…
Purchase Analytics
Purchase Analytics in ERPNext is a pivot report showing procurement spend by item, supplier, or supp…
Purchase Invoice
A Purchase Invoice in ERPNext records a bill from a supplier, creates a payable entry, and can be li…
Purchase Order
A Purchase Order in ERPNext is a confirmed procurement document sent to a supplier authorising the p…
Purchase Receipt
A Purchase Receipt in ERPNext records the physical arrival of goods from a supplier, adding stock to…
Purchase Return
A Purchase Return in ERPNext records goods returned to a supplier, reversing stock additions and cre…
Purchase Taxes and Charges
Purchase Taxes and Charges in ERPNext define GST, customs duty, freight, and other charges applied t…
Putaway Rule
A Putaway Rule in ERPNext automatically assigns incoming stock to specific warehouse bins based on i…
Python
Python is a versatile, readable programming language widely used for web backends (Django, Flask, Fr…
Q
Quality Control in ERPNext
Quality Control in ERPNext enforces inspection checkpoints at receipt, production, and delivery to e…
Quality Inspection
Quality Inspection in ERPNext enforces a QC gate before stock is accepted on purchase receipts, deli…
Quotation
A Quotation in ERPNext is a formal price offer sent to a Lead or Customer, listing items, quantities…
R
Razorpay
Razorpay is India's leading payment gateway, supporting UPI, cards, net banking, EMI, and BNPL for w…
React.js
React.js is a JavaScript library developed by Meta for building fast, interactive user interfaces us…
Reconciliation
Reconciliation is the process of comparing two sets of records (e.g., ERPNext ledger vs bank stateme…
Remote Work Policy
A Remote Work Policy defines the rules, tools, and expectations for employees working outside the of…
Reorder Level
Reorder Level in ERPNext is a minimum stock threshold per item per warehouse; when stock falls below…
Report Builder
ERPNext's Report Builder is a no-code tool that lets users create custom tabular reports by selectin…
Request for Quotation (RFQ)
A Request for Quotation in ERPNext is sent to multiple suppliers to invite price offers for specifie…
REST API
A REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) allows software syste…
Return Management (eCommerce)
Return Management is the process of handling product returns from customers, including reverse logis…
Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) in ERPNext
ERPNext supports Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) where the buyer rather than the supplier pays GST to…
Rework in ERPNext
Rework in ERPNext handles defective semi-finished or finished goods that need to be reprocessed thro…
Risk Management
Risk Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating financial, operational, com…
ROC Filing (MCA Compliance)
ROC (Registrar of Companies) filings are mandatory annual submissions to the Ministry of Corporate A…
Role and Permission
ERPNext's Role-based Permission system controls who can Read, Write, Create, Delete, Submit, Cancel,…
Routing
A Routing in ERPNext is a reusable sequence of manufacturing operations (with time estimates) that c…
S
SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis, with the vendor manag…
Safety Stock
Safety Stock is the buffer inventory held above the average demand during lead time to protect again…
Salary Slip
A Salary Slip in ERPNext is the monthly payslip generated for each employee, showing all earnings, d…
Salary Structure
A Salary Structure in ERPNext is a template defining the earnings (Basic, HRA, Allowances) and deduc…
Salary Structure Design
Salary Structure Design determines the mix of components in an employee's CTC — balancing tax effici…
Sales Analytics
Sales Analytics in ERPNext is a pivot-style report showing sales performance by item, customer, terr…
Sales Invoice
A Sales Invoice in ERPNext is the document sent to customers requesting payment, which simultaneousl…
Sales Order
A Sales Order in ERPNext is the confirmed customer purchase order that triggers procurement, product…
Sales Partner
A Sales Partner in ERPNext is an external agent, distributor, or reseller who earns commission on Sa…
Sales Person
A Sales Person in ERPNext is a hierarchical record for sales representatives, used for commission tr…
Sales Return
A Sales Return in ERPNext records goods returned by a customer, reverses the revenue and stock deduc…
Scheduled Job in ERPNext
Scheduled Jobs in ERPNext are background tasks that run automatically at defined intervals — hourly,…
Scrap in Manufacturing
Scrap in ERPNext Manufacturing tracks material lost during production, adding scrap items to a desig…
Script Report
A Script Report in ERPNext is a Python-coded report with full database access, used for complex mult…
SEO (Search Engine Optimisation)
SEO is the practice of optimising websites to rank higher in organic (unpaid) search results on Goog…
Serial Number
A Serial Number in ERPNext uniquely identifies each individual unit of a product, enabling precise t…
Server Script
Server Scripts in ERPNext are Python snippets that run on the server for document events, API calls,…
Shareholder in ERPNext
Shareholder module in ERPNext manages company share issuance, transfers, and folio records for Compa…
Shift Assignment
Shift Assignment in ERPNext assigns working shift schedules (Morning, Evening, Night) to employees f…
Shopify
Shopify is a leading SaaS eCommerce platform for building and managing online stores, offering theme…
Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology for reducing process variation and defects to fewer than 3.4 …
Social Media Marketing
Social Media Marketing uses platforms like LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube to build brand…
Statutory Audit
Statutory Audit is a legally mandated independent examination of a company's financial statements to…
Statutory Compliance (India)
Statutory Compliance in India refers to the mandatory adherence to laws governing business operation…
Stock Ageing Report in ERPNext
Stock Ageing Report in ERPNext shows how long inventory has been sitting in warehouses, helping iden…
Stock Analytics
Stock Analytics in ERPNext is a pivot-style report showing stock movement (In/Out/Balance) across it…
Stock Balance
The Stock Balance report in ERPNext shows the current quantity and value of every item in every ware…
Stock Entry
A Stock Entry in ERPNext records any internal movement of stock — receipts, issues, transfers betwee…
Stock Ledger Entry
The Stock Ledger Entry (SLE) is the immutable record created by every stock movement in ERPNext, for…
Stock Reconciliation
Stock Reconciliation in ERPNext adjusts physical stock counts to match actual inventory, correcting …
Subcontracting
ERPNext's Subcontracting module manages job-work orders where raw materials are sent to an outside v…
Subcontracting Receipt in ERPNext
Subcontracting Receipt records finished goods received from a subcontractor after they process raw m…
Subscription
ERPNext's Subscription module auto-generates recurring Sales Invoices or Purchase Invoices on a defi…
Succession Planning
Succession Planning identifies and develops internal talent to fill key leadership roles in the futu…
Supplier
A Supplier in ERPNext is the master record for a vendor or service provider, storing contact details…
Supplier Group
Supplier Groups in ERPNext categorise vendors (Raw Material, Services, Logistics) to apply group-lev…
Supplier Quotation
A Supplier Quotation in ERPNext records the price offer received from a supplier in response to an R…
Supplier Scorecard
The Supplier Scorecard in ERPNext evaluates vendor performance on quality, delivery reliability, and…
Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management (SCM) coordinates the flow of materials, information, and finances from raw …
System Settings
System Settings in ERPNext configure global defaults for language, timezone, date format, session ex…
T
Talent Acquisition
Talent Acquisition is the strategic process of attracting, sourcing, assessing, and hiring candidate…
Tally vs ERPNext
Tally Prime is India's most widely used accounting software focused on GST-compliant bookkeeping, wh…
Task
A Task in ERPNext is an individual work item within a Project, with assignee, priority, expected hou…
Tax Category
Tax Category in ERPNext is a label applied to parties and addresses to automatically select the corr…
Tax Withholding (TDS/TCS)
ERPNext's Tax Withholding Category automates TDS and TCS deductions on applicable purchase invoices …
TCS (Tax Collected at Source) in ERPNext
TCS in ERPNext automates Tax Collected at Source deduction on high-value sales transactions as requi…
TDS (Tax Deducted at Source)
TDS is the deduction of income tax at the source of payment by the payer, deposited to the governmen…
TDS Compliance
TDS Compliance involves correctly deducting Tax Deducted at Source, depositing it with the governmen…
TDS on Salary (Income Tax)
ERPNext calculates Income Tax (TDS u/s 192) on employee salaries based on declared investments, regi…
TDS Return Filing
TDS Returns are quarterly electronic statements filed with the Income Tax Department summarising TDS…
Territory
Territory in ERPNext is a geographic sales zone used to assign leads, customers, and sales targets t…
Timesheet
A Timesheet in ERPNext records hours worked by an employee on tasks or projects, used for project co…
To Do in ERPNext
To Do in ERPNext is a personal task tracker where users log action items, often auto-created from as…
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total Quality Management (TQM) is an organisation-wide approach to continuous quality improvement, i…
Training Event
Training Events in ERPNext schedule and track employee training programmes, recording attendance, tr…
Transfer Pricing
Transfer Pricing refers to the pricing of goods, services, or intellectual property exchanged betwee…
Translation
ERPNext's Translation module lets you customise or add translations for any UI label, button, or mes…
Trial Balance
The Trial Balance report in ERPNext lists all accounts with their debit and credit totals for a peri…
Trial Balance
A Trial Balance is a listing of all general ledger accounts and their closing debit or credit balanc…
U
Udyam Registration
Udyam Registration is the official MSME registration portal launched in 2020, replacing the old Udyo…
UI/UX Design
UI (User Interface) Design focuses on the visual elements of a product; UX (User Experience) Design …
Unit of Measure (UOM)
Unit of Measure (UOM) in ERPNext defines how quantities are expressed for an item, with conversion f…
User
A User in ERPNext is a login account that grants access to the system, assigned one or more Roles th…
V
Valuation Method
ERPNext supports Moving Average (FIFO-like weighted average) and FIFO valuation methods to determine…
Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI)
VMI is a supply chain model where the supplier monitors the customer's stock levels and replenishes …
Vendor Management
Vendor Management is the process of selecting, onboarding, evaluating, and managing suppliers to opt…
W
Warehouse
A Warehouse in ERPNext is a storage location where stock is maintained, supporting a hierarchical st…
Warehouse Management
Warehouse Management involves organising the physical storage, movement, and handling of goods withi…
Web Form
Web Forms in ERPNext create public-facing or portal forms that allow external users (customers, job …
Webhook
ERPNext Webhooks send an HTTP POST to an external URL whenever a specified document event occurs, en…
Website Development
Website Development is the design and engineering of websites — from simple landing pages to complex…
WhatsApp Business API
The WhatsApp Business API allows businesses to send automated transactional messages (order confirma…
WooCommerce
WooCommerce is the most popular open-source eCommerce plugin for WordPress, powering 26% of all onli…
Work Order
A Work Order in ERPNext authorises the production of a specific quantity of a finished item, driving…
Workflow
ERPNext Workflows define multi-step approval processes for any document, routing it through states (…
Workforce Planning
Workforce Planning is the strategic process of analysing current talent, forecasting future needs, a…
Working Capital
Working Capital is Current Assets minus Current Liabilities — the liquidity available for day-to-day…
Workspace
Workspaces in ERPNext are the module home pages (e.g., Accounting, HR, Stock) displaying shortcuts, …
Workstation
A Workstation in ERPNext represents a machine, work centre, or production line with defined capacity…